We initially met at a home in San Leandro, CA, to discuss the foundation of the US-Based Deaf Action Foundation (USBDAF). Before USBDAF was officially established in 2019, Rachel Akusake observed that many Black deaf communities, including immigrants and refugees, had been struggling with repression, frustration, and discrimination related to race, gender, and disability for years, and these challenges persist today. Most Black deaf youth and single mothers are unaware of the importance of education and how it can change their lives. As a result, many drop out of high school, become idle, or engage in gambling. They lack the skills, experience, or qualifications necessary to secure better jobs.

Additionally, many deaf BIPOC, including immigrants and refugees, are unfamiliar with the systems in the United States. Deaf immigrants and refugees often experience culture shock when they immigrate to the U.S., leading to miscommunication and feelings of being overwhelmed as they adapt to their new environment. Rachel also noticed that there are very few Black or BIPOC individuals in interpreting programs and job opportunities due to a lack of orientation and access. BIPOC families with deaf children often struggle to access the information or resources needed to support their children, leading to language deprivation for many deaf children.

Rachel decided to take action by researching, contributing ideas, and developing the foundation for an official organization. USBDAF was registered as a nonprofit on October 30, 2019. Monthly meetings were held at Rachel’s apartment in San Leandro, CA, with participants including Charlotte Stuart, Philip Akurigo, Dean Kanasto, and Rachel Akusake. These meetings focused on creating the constitution, defining leadership roles, and sharing experiences within society.